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In the US, there are specific VFR cruising altitudes, based on the aircraft's course, to assist pilots in separating their aircraft while operating under visual flight above 3,000 ft above the surface (AGL) but below 18,000 ft Mean Sea Level (MSL). Unofficially, most pilots use these rules at all levels of cruise flight.
The flight visibility at the cruising altitude of the aircraft must be at least 5 miles and the weather at the destination aerodrome must be forecast to have a sky condition of scattered cloud or better, a ground visibility of 5 miles or greater with no forecast of precipitation, fog, thunderstorm or blowing snow, and that these conditions must ...
Separation at cruising altitude (aircraft passing below). Air traffic controllers apply rules, known as separation minima, to do this. Pairs of aircraft to which these rules have been successfully applied are said to be separated: the risk of these aircraft colliding is therefore remote.
VFR over-the-top is different from VFR-on-top, in that VFR-on-top is an IFR clearance that allows the pilot to fly VFR altitudes, while VFR over-the-top is strictly a VFR operation in which the pilot maintains VFR cloud clearance requirements while operating on top of an undercast layer. [2]
VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.
Visual flight or visual attitude flying is the control of an aircraft via outside references (such as the sky or the runway in takeoff). [1] For aircraft, the primary visual reference used is usually the relationship between the aircraft's "nose" or cowling against the natural horizon.
In aviation (particularly in air navigation), lowest safe altitude (LSALT) is an altitude that is at least 500 feet above any obstacle or terrain within a defined safety buffer region around a particular route that a pilot might fly. The safety buffer allows for errors in the air by including an additional area that a pilot might stray into by ...
A minimum off-route altitude (MORA) provides a quick way for an aircraft pilot to read the minimum altitude required for terrain and obstacle clearance. MORAs give at least 1,000 feet altitude clearance above terrain and obstacles such as radio masts , and 2,000 feet where the terrain and obstacles exceed 5,000 feet. [ 1 ]