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Newton's minimal resistance problem is a problem of finding a solid of revolution which experiences a minimum resistance when it moves through a homogeneous fluid with constant velocity in the direction of the axis of revolution, named after Isaac Newton, who studied the problem in 1685 and published it in 1687 in his Principia Mathematica.
virology, solid mechanics (thin-shell buckling) Rockwell scale – Hugh M. (1890–1957) and Stanley P. (1886–1940) Rockwell: mechanical hardness (indentation hardness of a material) Rolling resistance coefficient: C rr = vehicle dynamics (ratio of force needed for motion of a wheel over the normal force)
Stiction (a portmanteau of the words static and friction) [1] is the force that needs to be overcome to enable relative motion of stationary objects in contact. [2] Any solid objects pressing against each other (but not sliding) will require some threshold of force parallel to the surface of contact in order to overcome static adhesion. [3]
Examining the formulas for buckling and deflection, we see that the force required to achieve a given deflection or to achieve buckling depends directly on Young's modulus. Examining the density formula, we see that the mass of a beam depends directly on the density.
The determination of the stress and strain throughout a solid object is given by the field of strength of materials and for a structure by structural analysis. In the above figure, it can be seen that the compressive loading (indicated by the arrow) has caused deformation in the cylinder so that the original shape (dashed lines) has changed ...
A high modulus of elasticity is sought when deflection is undesirable, while a low modulus of elasticity is required when flexibility is needed. In biology, the stiffness of the extracellular matrix is important for guiding the migration of cells in a phenomenon called durotaxis. Another application of stiffness finds itself in skin biology.
Power of emitted electromagnetic radiation per unit solid angle per emitting source area W/(m 2 ⋅sr) M T −3: Radiant intensity: I: Power of emitted electromagnetic radiation per unit solid angle W/sr L 2 M T −3: scalar Reaction rate: r: Rate of a chemical reaction for unit time mol/(m 3 ⋅s) L −3 T −1 N: intensive, scalar Refractive ...
A solid is a material that can support a substantial amount of shearing force over a given time scale during a natural or industrial process or action. This is what distinguishes solids from fluids, because fluids also support normal forces which are those forces that are directed perpendicular to the material plane across from which they act and normal stress is the normal force per unit area ...