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Shi'a clergy (or Ulema) have historically had a significant influence in Iran.The clergy first showed themselves to be a powerful political force in opposition to Iran's monarch with the 1891 tobacco protest boycott that effectively destroyed an unpopular concession granted by the shah giving a British company a monopoly over buying and selling tobacco in Iran.
The Iranian Revolution was a gendered revolution; much of the new regime's rhetoric was centered on the position of women in society. [178] Beyond rhetoric, thousands of women were also heavily mobilized in the revolution itself, [179] and different groups of women actively participated alongside their male counterparts. [180]
The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, [194] was the revolution that transformed Iran from an absolute monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, one of the leaders of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic. [22]
Massive invasion of Iran by Iraq following border skirmishes and a dispute over the Arvand Rūd (Persian: اروندرود, literally Arvand River) or as it is known in Iraq the Shatt al-Arab (Arabic: شط العرب, literally Coast/Beach of the Arabs) waterway. Marks beginning of a war that will last eight years. [60]
Iran's scientific progress is subject to many problems including funding, international sanctions, and management. However, in some areas such as medicine, surgery, pharmacology, stem cell research and theoretical physics (e.g., string theory), [74] Iranian scientists have found international reputation since the Iranian revolution. Nuclear ...
The post-revolution sanctions and the Iran–Iraq War had a dramatic effect on Iran's inventory of Western equipment. Under the pressures of war, supplies were quickly exhausted and replacements became difficult to come by. The war forced Iran to turn towards Syria, Brazil and China to meet its short-term military needs. Initial developments in ...
The Reunion — The Shah of Iran's Court – BBC Radio 4 presents an audio program featuring reminiscences of the Iranian Revolution by key members of the pre-Revolutionary elite. Brzezinski's role in the 1979 Iranian Revolution Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine, Payvand, March 10, 2006. The Iranian Revolution.
In a council on the Islamic Revolution, Mehdi Bazargan was suggested as the Prime Minister of Iran's interim Government. A number of senior Air Force officers involved with the government were imprisoned. Because the Iranian monarchy was in danger, the American government opposed their own interests to sell weapons, including several AWACS ...