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In fiber-optic communication applications, the usual method of specifying spectral width is the full width at half maximum (FWHM). This is the same convention used in bandwidth, defined as the frequency range where power drops by less than half (at most −3 dB). The FWHM method may be difficult to apply when the spectrum has a complex shape.
The engineering compromise is vestigial-sideband transmission. In vestigial sideband, the full upper sideband of bandwidth W2 = 4.0 MHz is transmitted, but only W1 = 0.75 MHz of the lower sideband is transmitted, along with a carrier. The carrier frequency is 1.25 MHz above the lower edge of the 6 MHz wide channel.
Full width at half maximum. In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y-axis which are half the maximum ...
The beam may display Brillouin scattering as a result of those vibrations, usually in the direction opposite the incoming beam, a phenomenon known as stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). For liquids and gases, the frequency shifts typically created are of the order of 1–10 GHz resulting in wavelength shifts of ~1–10 pm in the visible light .
There is an important relationship between clearance, elimination half-life and distribution volume. The elimination rate constant of a drug is equivalent to total clearance divided by the distribution volume =
So, for example, digoxin has a half-life (or t 1 / 2 ) of 24–36 h; this means that a change in the dose will take the best part of a week to take full effect. For this reason, drugs with a long half-life (e.g., amiodarone , elimination t 1 / 2 of about 58 days) are usually started with a loading dose to achieve their desired ...
Times relative to the designation are indicated with +/−[Arabic numeral] after the letter, replacing -day or -hour with a count of the same unit: "D−1" (the day before D-Day), "L+9" (9 hours after L-Hour) etc. [citation needed] In less formal contexts, the symbol or numeral may be spelled out: "D minus 1" or "L plus nine." [citation needed ...
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...