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The airstream mechanism is mandatory for most sound production and constitutes the first part of this process, which is called initiation. The organ generating the airstream is called the initiator and there are three initiators used phonemically in non-disordered human oral languages:
The term initiation refers to the change. Since changes in air pressures between connected cavities lead to airflow between the cavities, initiation is also referred to as an airstream mechanism . The three pistons present in the articulatory system are the larynx, the tongue body, and the physiological structures used to manipulate lung volume ...
However speech production can occur without the use of the lungs and glottis in alaryngeal speech by using the upper parts of the vocal tract. An example of such alaryngeal speech is Donald Duck talk. [5] The vocal production of speech may be associated with the production of hand gestures that act to enhance the comprehensibility of what is ...
In speech, voiceless phones are associated with vocal folds that are elongated, highly tensed, and placed laterally (abducted) when compared to vocal folds during phonation. [ 6 ] Fundamental frequency, the main acoustic cue for the percept pitch , can be varied through a variety of means.
The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...
Ingressive speech sounds are produced while the speaker breathes in, in contrast to most speech sounds, which are produced as the speaker breathes out. The air that is used to voice the speech is drawn in rather than pushed out. Ingressive speech can be glottalic, velaric, or pulmonic.
An example of a frog that possesses a larynx is the túngara frog. While the larynx is the main sound producing organ in túngara frogs, it serves a higher significance due to its contribution to mating call, which consist of two components: 'whine' and 'chuck'. [ 27 ]
Articulatory phonetics, the study of how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of physiological structures Manner of articulation, how speech organs involved in making a sound make contact; Place of articulation, positions of speech organs to create distinctive speech sounds; Articulatory gestures, the actions necessary to enunciate ...