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The disease can persist in the flock for 2-3 weeks and signs of the disease are seen 1–3 days after infection. Transmission of the disease is through direct interaction, airborne droplets, and drinking contaminated water. Chickens having infection and those carriers contribute highly to the disease transmission. [2] [3]
It causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages. [1] [2] Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant pathogen in poultry. Mycoplasmosis is the disease caused by infection with mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas have many defining characteristics.
Infection with the virus is associated with swollen head syndrome, with swelling peri- and infraorbital sinuses, foamy eyes, nasal discharge. In general, less than 40% of the flock becomes infected, and the mortality is around 2%. [4] Young chickens become depressed or crowd together under heating lamps. [2] Flocks become quiet after infection. [2]
The disease presents in two very different forms: acute and chronic. Birds with chronic avian cholera, more common in domestic fowl, exhibit prolonged illness with more localized infections. Chronic infection has been demonstrated in snow geese, and these individuals are believed to be long term migrating reservoirs for the disease.
Contaminated drinking water Infected bird is a prey meal for another bird (raptors most commonly) In 2005, Trichomonas gallinae was first recognized as a cause of disease in British finches, with greenfinch and chaffinch most affected, although a range of garden birds have been found to be susceptible to the parasite.
Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens. It is named after József Marek , a Hungarian veterinarian who described it in 1907. Marek's disease is caused by an alphaherpesvirus commonly known as "Marek's disease virus" (MDV). [ 2 ]
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There are several diseases that are caused by avian reovirus, which includes, avian arthritis/tenosynovitis, runting-stunting syndrome, and blue wing disease in chickens. Blue wing disease affects young broiler chickens and has an average mortality rate of 10%. It causes intramuscular and subcutaneous hemorrhages and atrophy of the spleen ...