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The nitrites oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which competes with cytochrome oxidase for the cyanide ion. Cyanmethemoglobin is formed and the cytochrome oxidase enzyme is restored. The major mechanism to remove the cyanide from the body is by enzymatic conversion to thiocyanate by the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese. Thiocyanate is a ...
Hydrogen cyanide is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen.The tautomer of HCN is HNC, hydrogen isocyanide. [citation needed]HCN has a faint bitter almond-like odor that some people are unable to detect owing to a recessive genetic trait. [12]
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [25]: 1475
Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide: . 2 Hg(CN) 2 → (CN) 2 + Hg 2 (CN) 2 Or, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate) with cyanides; an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen.
Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula Na C N and the structure Na + − C≡N.It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt.
The cyanide source can be potassium cyanide (KCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN) or trimethylsilyl cyanide ((CH 3) 3 SiCN). With aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, the benzoin condensation is a competing reaction. The reaction is used in carbohydrate chemistry as a chain extension method for example that of D-xylose.
Typically, alkyl nitriles are formed via S N 1 or S N 2-type cyanation with alkyl electrophiles. Illustrative is the synthesis of benzyl cyanide by the reaction of benzyl chloride and sodium cyanide. [1] In some cases cuprous cyanide is used instead of sodium cyanide. [2]
Carbon monoxide reacts with the reduced form of the cytochrome while cyanide and azide react with the oxidised form. An antibiotic, antimycin A , and British anti-Lewisite , an antidote used against chemical weapons, are the two important inhibitors of the site between cytochrome B and C1.