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  2. Plant cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cell

    Structure of a plant cell. Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or ...

  3. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    Some eukaryotic cells (plant cells and fungal cells) also have a cell wall. Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. [2] The genetic material is freely found in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, which are usually circular.

  4. Eukaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote

    The origin of the eukaryotic cell, or eukaryogenesis, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is the hypothetical origin of all living eukaryotes, [ 70 ] and was most likely a biological population , not a single ...

  5. Endomembrane system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endomembrane_system

    The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes (endomembranes) that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum ...

  6. Eukaryotic chromosome structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Eukaryotic_chromosome_structure

    Eukaryotic chromosome structure refers to the levels of packaging from raw DNA molecules to the chromosomal structures seen during metaphase in mitosis or meiosis. Chromosomes contain long strands of DNA containing genetic information. Compared to prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes are much larger in size and are linear chromosomes.

  7. Eukaryogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryogenesis

    Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis, in which an archeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...

  8. Cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

    Category. v. t. e. Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. [1][2] All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. [3] Cell biology is the study of the structural ...

  9. Microtubule organizing center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_organizing_center

    Microtubule organizing center. The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge. MTOCs have two main functions: the organization of eukaryotic flagella and cilia and the organization of the mitotic and meiotic spindle apparatus, which separate the chromosomes during cell division ...