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The four main kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England were East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria (originally two kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira), and Wessex. Minor kingdoms included Essex, Kent, and Sussex. Other minor kingdoms and territories are mentioned in sources such as the Tribal Hideage: Haestingas; Hwicce; Kingdom of the Iclingas, a precursor state ...
Sumer (or Šumer) was one of the early civilizations of the Ancient Near East, [6] located in the southern part of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) from the time of the earliest records in the mid 4th millennium BC until the rise of Babylonia in the late 3rd millennium BC. [7] [6] The term "Sumerian" applies to all speakers of the Sumerian language.
The history of ancient Egypt unfolded as a series of stable kingdoms interspersed by periods of relative instability known as "Intermediate Periods". The various kingdoms fall into one of three categories: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age, or the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.
Towards the end of the Neolithic period, various elitist Chalcolithic civilizations began to rise in various "cradles" from around 3600 BCE beginning with Mesopotamia, expanding into large-scale kingdoms and empires in the course of the Bronze Age (Akkadian Empire, Indus Valley Civilization, Old Kingdom of Egypt, Neo-Sumerian Empire, Middle ...
Many tribal kingdoms ruled independently under Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire. Early medieval period (c. 550 – 1000 CE) This period is also known as "Rajput Period", because of rise of many Rajput dynasties and kingdoms. Late medieval period (c. 1000 – 1568 CE) This period marked by struggles and resistance against Muslim expansion by Rajput ...
The Fertile Crescent saw the rise and fall of many great civilizations that made the region one of the most vibrant and colorful in history, including empires like that of the Assyrians and Babylonians, and influential trade kingdoms, such as the Lydians and Phoenicians. In Anatolia, the Hittites were probably the first people to use iron weapons.
Tang 唐 618–690, 705–907 (690–705: Wu Zhou) The empire in 661, when it reached its greatest extent Civil administration Military administration Briefly-controlled areas Capital Chang'an (618–904) Luoyang (904–907) Common languages Middle Chinese Religion Main religions: Chinese Buddhism Taoism Chinese folk religion Others: Nestorian Christianity Chinese Manichaeism Zoroastrianism ...
Early civilizations arose close to rivers, first in Mesopotamia (3300 BCE) with the Tigris and Euphrates, [65] followed by the Egyptian civilization along the Nile River (3200 BCE), [66] the Norte Chico civilization in coastal Peru (3100 BCE), [67] the Indus Valley civilization in Pakistan and northwestern India (2500 BCE), [68] and the Chinese ...