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  2. Nozzle extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle_extension

    As of 2009, the search for various schemes to achieve higher area ratios for rocket nozzles remains an active field of research and patenting. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Generally, modern application of these designs can be divided into "air-to-vacuum" engines, which start their work at sea level and finish it at vacuum conditions, and "vacuum" engines, which ...

  3. Nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle

    A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used ...

  4. Discharge coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge_coefficient

    In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.

  5. Rocket engine nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle

    Figure 1: A de Laval nozzle, showing approximate flow velocity increasing from green to red in the direction of flow Density flow in a nozzle. A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high supersonic velocities.

  6. Spray nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_nozzle

    Spray nozzles can have one or more outlets; a multiple outlet nozzle is known as a compound nozzle. Multiple outlets on nozzles are present on spray balls, which have been used in the brewing industry for many years for cleaning casks and kegs. [2] Spray nozzles range from those for heavy duty industrial uses to light duty spray cans or spray ...

  7. Expansion deflection nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_deflection_nozzle

    In open wake mode, the exit area is dependent on the ambient pressure and the exhaust gas exits the nozzle as an annulus as it does not fill the entire nozzle. Because the ambient pressure controls the exit area, the area ratio should be perfectly compensating to the altitude up to the design pressure.

  8. Expander cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expander_cycle

    Thus beyond approximately 3000 kN (700,000 lbf) of thrust, there is no longer enough nozzle area to heat enough fuel to drive the turbines and hence the fuel pumps. [1] Higher thrust levels can be achieved using a bypass expander cycle where a portion of the fuel bypasses the turbine and or thrust chamber cooling passages and goes directly to ...

  9. Propelling nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propelling_nozzle

    When afterburning engines are equipped with a C-D nozzle the throat area is variable. Nozzles for supersonic flight speeds, at which high nozzle pressure ratios are generated, [2] also have variable area divergent sections. [3] Turbofan engines may have an additional and separate propelling nozzle which further accelerates the bypass air.