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Thus, many ceramic materials, both glassy and crystalline, have found use in various forms from bulk solid-state components to high surface area forms such as thin films, coatings and fibers. [10] [33] Also, thin films have found their application in the electronic field [34] and can be used as sensitive components of a resistive gas sensors. [35]
The sol-gel process starts after the addition of a gelation agent and the final material is obtained after subsequent heating steps aimed at eliminating water and at promoting the pyrolysis reaction, followed by calcination. [15] [22] The sol-gel process requires the use of germanium organic precursors, which are more expensive compared to GeO ...
The sol–gel process has a long history in the synthesis of silicate systems and other oxides and has become a widely researched field with significant technological relevance. This process is used for the fabrication of thin films, coatings, nanoparticles, and fibers.
Mechanics of gelation describes processes relevant to sol-gel process. In a static sense, the fundamental difference between a liquid and a solid is that the solid has elastic resistance against a shearing stress while a liquid does not. Thus, a simple liquid will not typically support a transverse acoustic phonon, or shear wave. Gels have been ...
Dip coating of inorganic sols (or so-called sol-gel synthesis) is a way of creating thin inorganic or polymeric coatings. In sol-gel synthesis the speed of deposition is an important parameter that affects, for example, layer thickness, density and porosity. The sol-gel technique is a deposition method that is widely used in material science to ...
The first step of the sol-gel process is the creation of a colloidal suspension of solid particles known as a "sol". The precursors are a liquid alcohol such as ethanol which is mixed with a silicon alkoxide , such as tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and polyethoxydisiloxane (PEDS) (earlier work used sodium silicates). [ 24 ]
Spin coating is widely used in microfabrication of functional oxide layers on glass or single crystal substrates using sol-gel precursors, where it can be used to create uniform thin films with nanoscale thicknesses. [6] It is used intensively in photolithography, to deposit layers of photoresist about 1 micrometre thick. Photoresist is ...
A process related to the sol-gel route is the Pechini, or liquid mix, process (named after its American inventor, Maggio Pechini). An aqueous solution of suitable oxides or salts is mixed with an alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid such as citric acid. Chelation, or the formation of complex ring-shaped compounds around the metal cations, takes place ...