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In recent years, advances in molecular techniques, genomics, cancer biology and sequencing technology have provided opportunities to discover and validate new biomarkers for prognosis, particularly molecular prognostic markers.
The most frequently used biomarker for prostate cancer today is the serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), or derived measurements. However, since PSA is prostate-specific but not cancer-specific, it is an imperfect biomarker. For example, PSA can increase in older men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Several new biomarkers are being ...
In fact, the five-year survival rate for prostate cancer detected early is virtually 100%, Siddiqui says. The outlook for late-diagnosed patients, however, is not nearly as rosy.
The system is widely accepted and used for clinical decision making even as it is recognised that certain biomarkers, like ACP1 expression, might yield higher predictive value for future disease course. [2] The histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer has implications for the possibility and methodology of Gleason scoring. [3]
In this application, biomarkers act as stand-ins for the effects of a drug on cancer progression and survival. Ideally, the use of validated biomarkers would prevent patients from having to undergo tumor biopsies and lengthy clinical trials to determine if a new drug worked.
Prostate cancer is the second-most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, and the second-most frequent cause of cancer death in men (after lung cancer). [2] [3] Around 1.2 million new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed each year, and over 350,000 people die of the disease, annually. [2]
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