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In the philosophy of science, evidence is material that confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses, acting as a neutral arbiter between competing theories. Measurements of Mercury's "anomalous" orbit , for example, are seen as evidence that confirms Einstein 's theory of general relativity .
"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" (sometimes shortened to ECREE), [1] also known as the Sagan standard, is an aphorism popularized by science communicator Carl Sagan. He used the phrase in his 1979 book Broca's Brain and the 1980 television program Cosmos .
Evidential decision theory (EDT) is a school of thought within decision theory which states that, when a rational agent is confronted with a set of possible actions, one should select the action with the highest news value, that is, the action which would be indicative of the best outcome in expectation if one received the "news" that it had been taken.
Evidentialism is a thesis in epistemology which states that one is justified to believe something if and only if that person has evidence which supports said belief. [1] Evidentialism is, therefore, a thesis about which beliefs are justified and which are not.
This WikiProject needs attention from an expert in philosophy. The specific problem is: the article does not provide an adequate portrayal of the philosophical literature on this issue. See the talk page for details.
Philosophy is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and psychology, formed part of philosophy ...
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In some areas of epistemology and theology, the notion of justification plays approximately the role of proof, [9] while in jurisprudence the corresponding term is evidence, [10] with "burden of proof" as a concept common to both philosophy and law. In most disciplines, evidence is required to prove something.