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In the example on the right, both parents are heterozygous, with a genotype of Bb. The offspring can inherit a dominant allele from each parent, making them homozygous with a genotype of BB. The offspring can inherit a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other parent, making them heterozygous with a genotype of Bb.
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Thus, allele R is dominant over allele r, and allele r is recessive to allele R. [4] Dominance is not inherent to an allele or its traits . It is a strictly relative effect between two alleles of a given gene of any function; one allele can be dominant over a second allele of the same gene, recessive to a third, and co-dominant with a fourth.
The pattern of inheritance in which a single recessive allele is inherited but is still expressed is known as pseudodominance. This mainly occurs with sex-linked genes (i.e., those on the sex chromosomes). The homogametic sex (females in humans) receive two of each sex chromosome and therefore need to be homozygous to show a recessive trait.
An amorphic allele elicits the same phenotype when homozygous and when heterozygous to a chromosomal deletion or deficiency that disrupts the same gene. [2] This relationship can be represented as follows: m/m = m/Df An amorphic allele is commonly recessive to its wildtype counterpart.
All the haploid sperm and eggs produced by meiosis received one chromosome. All the zygotes received one R allele (from the round seed parent) and one r allele (from the wrinkled seed parent). Because the R allele is dominant to the r allele, the phenotype of all the seeds was round. The phenotypic ratio in this case of Monohybrid cross is 1.
In a test cross, the individual in question is bred with another individual that is homozygous for the recessive trait and the offspring of the test cross are examined. [2] Since the homozygous recessive individual can only pass on recessive alleles, the allele the individual in question passes on determines the phenotype of the offspring. [3]
A hereditary carrier (genetic carrier or just carrier), is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but usually does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease. Carriers are, however, able to pass the allele onto their offspring, who may then express the genetic trait.