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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
[2] [note 4] However, if a large number of phonemically distinct letters can be derived with a diacritic, that may be used instead. [note 5] The alphabet is designed for transcribing sounds (phones), not phonemes, though it is used for phonemic transcription as well.
[2] Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
English: Vowel diagram for free vowels in Singapore English, based on descriptions by Deterding (2007, 2010) and Lim (2004). In this diagram, [ɔː] represents an allophonic realisation of /ɒ/ in open syllables (e.g., in the word "more").
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Classical Latin and Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
This often happens because of dialect variation (see our articles English phonology and International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects). If this is the case, you will pronounce those symbols the same for other words as well. [1] Whether this is true for all words, or just when the sounds occur in the same context, depends on the ...
English approximation h: h huñuy, muhu house j: y yana, ayni yes k: k kuntur, puka scat k̚ ~ ɣ ~ x-k (syllable ending) waktay, rikra doctor kʰ ~ kx ~ x: kh khuyay cat kʼ: k' k'ispa like scar but with a restriction of air l: l layu, phalay lamp ʎ: ll llapa, allqu billion m: m marka, pampa map n: n nina none: ɲ: ñ wiñay similar to canyon ...
Usually, there is a pattern of even distribution of marks on the chart, a phenomenon that is known as vowel dispersion. For most languages, the vowel system is triangular. Only 10% of languages, including English, have a vowel diagram that is quadrilateral. Such a diagram is called a vowel quadrilateral or a vowel trapezium. [2]