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An autonomous thyroid nodule or "hot nodule" is one that has thyroid function independent of the homeostatic control of the HPT axis (hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis). According to a 1993 article, such nodules need to be treated only if they become toxic; surgical excision (thyroidectomy), radioiodine therapy, or both may be used. [33]
A 51-year-old female patient post left hemithyroidectomy, with incidentally discovered a right thyroid colloid nodule on CT scan. an Enhanced axial CT scan of the neck demonstrates a well-defined, hypodense right thyroid nodule (white arrow) with no internal calcifications or cervical lymphadenopathy. b Transverse greyscale thyroid ultrasound ...
Treatment of a thyroid nodule depends on many things including size of the nodule, age of the patient, the type of thyroid cancer, and whether or not it has spread to other tissues in the body. If the nodule is benign, patients may receive thyroxine therapy to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone and should be reevaluated in six months. [2]
microcalcifications: larger, broad calcifications (note: these can be seen in medullary thyroid cancer) nodule appears more tall than wide on transverse study "comet tail" artifact as sound waves bounce off intranodular colloid documented progressive increase in size of nodule on ultrasound
microcalcifications; Incidental parathyroid masses may be found in 0.1% of patients undergoing bilateral carotid duplex ultrasonography. [12] The American College of Radiology recommends the following workup for thyroid nodules as incidental imaging findings on CT, MRI or PET-CT: [16]
If ultrasound results are equivocal or unclear, or if the thyroid nodule is small (typically less than 1 cm), the nodule can be monitored over time with serial ultrasounds. [10] Ultrasound has a sensitivity of 64-77% and a specificity of 82-90% for the detection of thyroid cancer. [10]
Medullary thyroid carcinoma on ultrasound with typical small calcifications (arrows) Diagnosis is primarily performed via fine needle aspiration of the lesion of the thyroid to distinguish it from other types of thyroid lesions. [6] Microscopic examination will show an amyloid stroma with hyperplasia of parafollicular cells.
Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage, [ 1 ] including as a consequence of medical device implantation.