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Müllerian duct anomalies are those structural anomalies caused by errors in Müllerian duct development as an embryo forms. Factors contributing to them include genetics and maternal exposure to substances that interfere with fetal development.
Müllerian agenesis, also known as Müllerian aplasia, vaginal agenesis, or Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH syndrome), is a congenital malformation characterized by a failure of the Müllerian ducts to develop, resulting in a missing uterus and variable degrees of vaginal hypoplasia of its upper portion.
The female reproductive system is composed of two embryological segments: the urogenital sinus and the paramesonephric ducts. The two are conjoined at the sinus tubercle. [2] [3] Paramesonephric ducts are present on the embryo of both sexes.
The development of the reproductive system is the part of embryonic growth that results in the sex organs and contributes to sexual differentiation.Due to its large overlap with development of the urinary system, the two systems are typically described together as the genitourinary system.
Surgical intervention depends on the extent of the individual problem. With a didelphic uterus surgery is not usually recommended. A uterine septum can be resected in a simple out-patient procedure that combines laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. This procedure greatly decreases the rate of miscarriage for women with this anomaly. [citation needed]
Sinus tubercle (also known as sinual tubercle [1] or Müllerian eminence) is the proliferation of endoderm induced by the paramesonephric ducts.It is located in the developing fetus between the orifices of the mesonephric ducts on the urogenital sinus. [1]
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is the presence of Müllerian duct derivatives (fallopian tubes, uterus, and/or the upper part of the vagina) [1] in what would be considered a genetically and otherwise physically normal male. [2]
In the outer part of the intermediate mesoderm, immediately under the ectoderm, in the region from the fifth cervical segment to the third thoracic segment, a series of short evaginations from each segment grows dorsally and extends caudally, fusing successively from before backward to form the pronephric duct.