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TaqMan probes are hydrolysis probes that are designed to increase the specificity of quantitative PCR. The method was first reported in 1991 by researcher Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation, [ 1 ] and the technology was subsequently developed by Hoffmann-La Roche for diagnostic assays and by Applied Biosystems (now part of Thermo Fisher ...
Simplified example illustration of a logic cell (LUT – lookup table, FA – full adder, DFF – D-type flip-flop) The most common FPGA architecture consists of an array of logic blocks called configurable logic blocks (CLBs) or logic array blocks (LABs) (depending on vendor), I/O pads , and routing channels. [ 2 ]
A field-programmable analog array (FPAA) is an integrated circuit device containing computational analog blocks (CABs) [1] [2] and interconnects between these blocks offering field-programmability. Unlike their digital cousin, the FPGA , the devices tend to be more application driven than general purpose as they may be current mode or voltage ...
PLA schematic example. A programmable logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits.The PLA has a set of programmable AND gate planes, which link to a set of programmable OR gate planes, which can then be conditionally complemented to produce an output.
FPGAs use a grid of logic gates, and once stored, the data doesn't change, similar to that of an ordinary gate array. The term field-programmable means the device is programmed by the customer, not the manufacturer. FPGAs and gate arrays are similar but gate arrays can only be configured at the factory during fabrication. [11] [12] [13]
Sinclair ZX81 ULA. A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops, etc.) according to custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory.
Example of an approximately 40,000 probe spotted oligo microarray with enlarged inset to show detail. Microarray analysis techniques are used in interpreting the data generated from experiments on DNA (Gene chip analysis), RNA, and protein microarrays, which allow researchers to investigate the expression state of a large number of genes – in many cases, an organism's entire genome – in a ...
LGA 1700 socket on a motherboard. The land grid array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket (when a socket is used) — as opposed to pins on the integrated circuit, known as a pin grid array (PGA). [1]