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From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809 (Hurst & Co. 1999). Kan, Aleksander. "Storfurstendömet Finland 1809–1917 – dess autonomi enligt den nutida finska historieskrivningen" (in Swedish) ["Autonomous Finland 1809–1917 in contemporary Finnish historiography"] Historisk Tidskrift, 2008, Issue 1, pp. 3 ...
This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, Finland was again conquered by the armies of Tsar Alexander I.
Distances are shown in versts, a Russian measure, now no longer used, equal to 1.0668 kilometers. Legends and place names are in Russian and Swedish. The territory depicted on the map roughly corresponds to that of present-day Finland. Finland was part of Sweden until 1809, when it became a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire.
Bobrikov quickly became very unpopular and hated in Finland as he was an adamant supporter of the curtailing of the grand duchy's extensive autonomy, which had in the late 1800s come into conflict with Russian ambitions of a unified and indivisible Russian state.
The assassination of Nikolay Bobrikov took place on 16 June [O.S. 3 June] 1904 when Finnish nationalist Eugen Schauman shot and killed the Governor-General of Finland, Nikolay Bobrikov, on a staircase in the Government Palace, which at the time was the main building of the Senate of Finland. After shooting Bobrikov, Schauman turned his gun on ...
In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809 Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland, east of the Torne River, to Russia. The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and was reconstituted into the Grand Duchy of Finland, with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke.
Providence having placed us in possession of the Grand Duchy of Finland, we have desired by the present act to confirm and ratify the religion and the fundamental laws of the land, as well as the privileges and rights which each class in the said Grand Duchy in particular, and all the inhabitants in general, be their position high or low, have ...
This article deals with the political history of Finland from prehistoric times, through the Swedish rule (c.1200-1808), to the Russian rule (Grand Duchy of Finland, 1809-1917) and the time of independent Finland (1917-). In this context, Finland broadly refers to the geographical area in which the current Finnish state is located.