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A transcription bubble is a molecular structure formed during DNA transcription when a limited portion of the DNA double helix is unwound. The size of a transcription bubble ranges from 12 to 14 base pairs. A transcription bubble is formed when the RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a promoter and causes two DNA strands to detach. [1]
The amount of transcription factories found per nucleus appears to be determined by cell type, species and the type of measurement. Cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts have been found to have roughly 1500 factories through immunofluorescence detection of RNAP II however cells taken from different tissues of the same mouse group had between 100 ...
The DNA double helix is rewound by RNA polymerase at the rear of the transcription bubble. [3] Like how two adjacent zippers work, when pulled together, they unzip and rezip as they proceed in a particular direction. Various factors can cause double-stranded DNA to break; thus, reorder genes or cause cell death. [4]
The transcription preinitiation complex is a large complex of proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. It attaches to the promoter of the DNA (e.i., TATA box) and helps position the RNA polymerase II to the gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and then starts transcription.
Eukaryotic Transcription. Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. [1] Gene transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all ...
Transcription is carried out by RNA polymerase but its specificity is controlled by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins called transcription factors. Transcription factors work to recognize specific DNA sequences and based on the cells needs, promote or inhibit additional transcription. [ 6 ]
T-box transcription factor TBX21, also called T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX21 gene. [5] Though being for long thought of only as a master regulator of type 1 immune response, T-bet has recently been shown to be implicated in development of various immune cell subsets and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.
229906 Ensembl ENSG00000137947 ENSMUSG00000028271 UniProt Q00403 P62915 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001514 NM_145546 RefSeq (protein) NP_001505 NP_663521 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 88.85 – 88.89 Mb Chr 3: 142.47 – 142.49 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II ...