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Distances are shown in versts, a Russian measure, now no longer used, equal to 1.0668 kilometers. Legends and place names are in Russian and Swedish. The territory depicted on the map roughly corresponds to that of present-day Finland. Finland was part of Sweden until 1809, when it became a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire.
From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809 (Hurst & Co. 1999). Kan, Aleksander. "Storfurstendömet Finland 1809–1917 – dess autonomi enligt den nutida finska historieskrivningen" (in Swedish) ["Autonomous Finland 1809–1917 in contemporary Finnish historiography"] Historisk Tidskrift, 2008, Issue 1, pp. 3 ...
the Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland was made subject to Russian rules of military service. The Language Manifesto of 1900, a decree by Nicholas II which made Russian the language of administration of Finland (in 1900, there were an estimated 8,000 Russians in all of Finland, of a population of 2,700,000)—the Finns saw this as placing ...
In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809 Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland, east of the Torne River, to Russia. The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and was reconstituted into the Grand Duchy of Finland, with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke.
Map of governorates of the Russian Republic (Western part), 1917.. This is a list of governorates of the Russian Empire (Russian: губерния, pre-1918: губернія, romanized: guberniya) established between the administrative reform of 1708 and the establishment of the Kholm Governorate in 1912 (inclusive).
The governor-general was constitutionally the chairman of the Senate of Finland, the government in the autonomous grand duchy. The chairmanship he represented, with two votes in the Senate, belonged to the grand duke of Finland, a title held by the emperor of Russia. The governor-general was the highest representative of the emperor and ...
Until 1917, Terijoki was part of the Grand-Duchy of Finland, ruled by the Grand Dukes of Finland, who were the Tsars of Russia, (1812–1917). Even though all of Finland was part of the Russian Empire, a customs border was located at Terijoki. A valid passport was needed for crossing the border between Russia and the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Under Russian rule, Vyborg was the seat of Vyborg Governorate until it was incorporated into the newly established Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. Finland declared its independence from Russia in 1917, after which Vyborg became its second-most significant city after Helsinki, [ 15 ] and represented ...