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The landed gentry, or the gentry (sometimes collectively known as the squirearchy), is a largely historical Irish and British social class of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate. It is the British element of the wider European class of gentry.
The Peerage of Scotland differs from those of England and Ireland in that its lowest rank is not that of baron. In Scotland, "baron" is a rank within the Baronage of Scotland, considered noble but not a peer, equivalent to a baron in some continental countries. The Scottish equivalent to the English or Irish baron is a Lord of Parliament.
Laird is a Scottish hereditary feudal dignity ranking below a Scottish Baron but above an Esquire Esquire is a rank of gentry originally derived from Squire and indicating the status of an attendant to a knight, an apprentice knight, or a manorial lord; [ 45 ] it ranks below Knight (or in Scotland below Laird) but above Gentleman .
The British nobility is made up of the peerage and the gentry of the British Isles. Though the UK is today a constitutional monarchy with strong democratic elements, historically the British Isles were more predisposed towards aristocratic governance in which power was largely inherited and shared amongst a noble class.
The Peerage of Great Britain – titles created for the Kingdom of Great Britain between 1707 and 1801. The Peerage of Ireland – titles created for the Kingdom of Ireland before the Acts of Union in 1801, and some titles created later. The Peerage of the United Kingdom – most titles created since 1801 to the present.
The Gentry: The Rise and Fall of a Ruling Class (1976) online; O'Hart, John. The Irish And Anglo-Irish Landed Gentry, When Cromwell Came to Ireland: or, a Supplement to Irish Pedigrees (2 vols) (reprinted 2007) Sayer, M. J. English Nobility: The Gentry, the Heralds and the Continental Context (Norwich, 1979) Wallis, Patrick, and Cliff Webb.
Scotland's Peerage then became subject to many of the same principles as the English Peerage, though many peculiarities of Scottish law continue to apply to it today. Scotland, like England, had lesser and greater barons, as well as earls. There was but one Duke in Scotland: the Duke of Rothesay, the heir-apparent to the Crown.
Duke of Rothesay in the Peerage of Scotland: The Duke of Norfolk [a] 1483 The Duke of Somerset: 1547 The Duke of Richmond: 1675 Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; Duke of Lennox in the Peerage of Scotland; Duke of Aubigny in the Peerage of France: The Duke of Grafton: 1675 The Duke of Beaufort: 1682 The Duke of St Albans: 1684 ...