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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
Numerous chronologies of the Crusades have been published and include the following. A Chronology of the Crusades, covering the crusades from 1055 to 1456, by Timothy Venning. [2] Chronology and Maps, covering 1095–1789, in The Oxford History of the Crusades, edited by Jonathan Riley-Smith. [3]
Peter Bartholomew made claims to the discovery of the lance during the siege of Antioch in 1098, as reported in Gesta Francorum and by Raymond of Aguilers. Those claims were disputed by Adhemar of Le Puy. An account of the recovery of point of the Holy Lance by Byzantine emperor Heraclius is found in the Chronicon Paschale (7th century). [413 ...
The crusades were religious wars that the Christian Latin church initiated, supported, and sometimes directed during the Middle Ages. The members of the church defined this movement in legal and theological terms based on the concepts of holy war and pilgrimage .
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England, and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
A map of the territorial extent of the Crusader states, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem, in the Holy Land in 1135, shortly before the Second Crusade. The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.
The Fifth Crusade (September 1217 - August 29, 1221) [1] was a campaign in a series of Crusades by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering Egypt, ruled by the powerful Ayyubid sultanate, led by al-Adil, brother of Saladin.
Several independent treatises were also written during the pontificate of Clement V. In 1305, Lull wrote a new proposal addressed to King James II of Aragon. [17] In March 1309, he wrote his last proposal. Both advised the Spain–Africa route to the Holy Land, requiring first a crusade against the Kingdom of Granada.