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Knowles' theory can be stated with six assumptions related to the motivation of adult learning: [4] [5] Need to know: Adults need to know the reason for learning something. Foundation: Experience (including error) provides the basis for learning activities.
Malcolm Shepherd Knowles (August 24, 1913 – November 27, 1997) was an American adult educator, famous for the adoption of the theory of andragogy—initially a term ...
Malcolm Knowles's work distinguished adult learners as distinct from adolescent and child learners in his principle of andragogy. [2] He established 5 assumptions about the adult learner. This included self-concept, adult learner experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learning.
Knowles believes that preparation for learning is related to the relevance of learning to adult life, and that they bring an ever-expanding experience that can serve as a learning resource. [25] Andragogy proposes the following six main assumptions about adults as learners:
Malcolm Knowles's work distinguished adult learners as distinct from adolescent and child learners in his principle of andragogy. [17] He established 5 assumptions about the adult learner. This included self-concept, adult learner experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learning. [16]
Alexander Kapp (1800–1869) was a German educator and editor, brother of Ernst Kapp.In 1833, he originally introduced the term andragogy.Andragogy consists of learning strategies focused on adults.
Eduard Christian Lindeman was born in St. Clair, Michigan, one of ten children of German immigrant parents, Frederick and Frederika (von Piper) Lindemann.Orphaned at an early age, Lindeman gained work experience through jobs as stable cleaner, nurseryman, gravedigger, brickyard worker, and deliverer of groceries while attending formal schooling only intermittently.
Self-authorship is grounded in two assumptions about adult learning and knowledge. The first assumption states people create knowledge by interpreting their personal experiences through what is known as constructivism. This focuses on the meaning that is made of the experience from an individual perspective.