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A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail. Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage , nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Infectious disease: Symptoms: White or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail [2] [3] Complications: Lower leg cellulitis [3] Usual onset: Older males [2] [3] Causes: Fungal infection [3] Risk factors: Athlete's foot, other nail diseases, exposure to someone with the condition, peripheral vascular disease, poor immune function [3 ...
Psoriatic nails are characterized by a translucent discolouration in the nail bed that resembles a drop of oil beneath the nail plate. [2] Early signs that may accompany the "oil drop" include thickening of the lateral edges of the nail bed with or without resultant flattening or concavity of the nail; separation of the nail from the underlying nail bed, often in thin streaks from the tip-edge ...
"Constant biting can lead to poor dental occlusion," says Richard Scher, M.D., an expert in nail disorders, "so the biter's teeth shift out of position or become oddly shaped."
Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.
Green nail syndrome is an infection that can develop in individuals whose hands are frequently submerged in water resulting in discolouration of the nails from shades of green to black. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It may also occur as transverse green stripes that are ascribed to intermittent episodes of infection. [ 3 ]
Cleaning under the nail is not recommended as this only serves to separate the nail further. Bandages are also to be avoided. [11] When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis.