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Kashmiri (English: / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər i / kash-MEER-ee) [10] or Koshur [11] (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced) [1] is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, [12] primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that ...
English is a co-official language of Pakistan and is widely used in the executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as to some extent in the officer ranks of Pakistan's armed forces. Pakistan's Constitution and laws were written in English and are now being re-written in the local languages.
At the 2017 Census of Pakistan, as many as 350,000 people declared their first language to be Kashmiri. [23] [24] A process of language shift is observable among Kashmiri-speakers in Azad Kashmir according to linguist Tariq Rahman, as they gradually adopt local dialects such as Pahari-Pothwari, Hindko or move towards the lingua franca Urdu.
Hindko is also spoken further east into Kashmir. It is the predominant language of the Neelum Valley, in the north of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, where it is locally known as Parmi (or Pārim; the name likely originated in the Kashmiri word apārim 'from the other side', which was the term used by the Kashmiris of the Vale of Kashmir to ...
Kundal Shahi (کنڈل شاہی, Kunḍal Šāhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 700 people in the Kundal Shahi village of Neelam Valley in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. [2] It is an endangered language and its speakers are shifting to Hindko .
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A popular local etymology of Kashmira is that it is land desiccated from water. [10] An alternative etymology derives the name from the name of the Vedic sage Kashyapa who is believed to have settled people in this land. Accordingly, Kashmir would be derived from either kashyapa-mir (Kashyapa's Lake) or kashyapa-meru (Kashyapa's Mountain). [10]
The Pathans originate from the regions of Eastern Afghanistan and Northwestern Pakistan, ethnolinguistically known as Pashtunistan. The exact numbers of the Pathan communities of Kashmir are not known. [1] [2] Many Pathans in Kashmir have adopted local culture and use the local language as their first language.