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A unit of account [1] is a standard numerical monetary unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a "measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary prerequisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt.
Constant purchasing power accounting (CPPA) is an accounting model that is an alternative to model historical cost accounting under high inflation and hyper-inflationary environments. [1] It has been approved for use by the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ).
Energy accounting is a system used in energy management systems to measure and analyze energy consumption to improve energy efficiency within an organization. [2] Organisations such as Intel corporation use these systems to track energy usage. [4] Various energy transformations are possible. An energy balance can be used to track energy through ...
The unit of measure in accounting shall be the base money unit of the most relevant currency. This principle also assumes the unit of measure is stable; that is, changes in its general purchasing power are not considered sufficiently important to require adjustments to the basic financial statements." [10]
A financial ratio or accounting ratio states the relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements. Often used in accounting , there are many standard ratios used to try to evaluate the overall financial condition of a corporation or other organization.
A ratio's values may be distorted as account balances change from the beginning to the end of an accounting period. Use average values for such accounts whenever possible. Financial ratios are no more objective than the accounting methods employed. Changes in accounting policies or choices can yield drastically different ratio values. [6]
The neper is defined in terms of ratios of field quantities — also called root-power quantities — (for example, voltage or current amplitudes in electrical circuits, or pressure in acoustics), whereas the decibel was originally defined in terms of power ratios. A power ratio 10 log r dB is equivalent to a field-quantity ratio 20 log r dB ...
The ratio of a flow to a stock has units 1/time. For example, the velocity of money is defined as nominal GDP / nominal money supply ; it has units of (dollars / year) / dollars = 1/year. In discrete time , the change in a stock variable from one point in time to another point in time one time unit later (the first difference of the stock) is ...