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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
In his An Eyewitness History of the Crusades (2004), [209] Tyerman provides the history of the crusades told from original eyewitness sources, both Christian and Muslim. Thomas Asbridge (born 1969) has written The First Crusade: A New History: The Roots of Conflict between Christianity and Islam (2004) [210] and the more expansive The Crusades ...
The history of the Crusades begins with the advent of Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land combined with the rise of Islam and its subsequent conquest of Jerusalem. [2] 326. Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, travels to the Holy Land. [3] She returns with Holy relics and begins a tradition of Christian pilgrimage. [4] After 334.
Alternatively, Claude Fleury and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz proposed that the crusades were one stage in the improvement of European civilization; that paradigm was further developed by the Rationalists. [145] The idea that the crusades were an important part of national history and identity continued to evolve.
The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford, 2002. Steven Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291. Clarendon Press, 1989. Tyerman, Christopher (2006). God's War: A New History of the Crusades. Penguin. Tyerman, Christopher (2019). The World of the Crusades. Yale University Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-300-21739-1.
A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, arranged in systematic order, 18 volumes (1811). [142] Forming a complete history of the origin and progress of navigation, discovery and commerce, by sea and land, from the earliest ages to the present time.
A history and bibliography of the Crusades through the Third Crusade. [29] God's War: A New History of the Crusades (2006), by Crusades historian Christopher Tyerman, does not contain a bibliography per se, but the sections Notes and Further Reading provide a wealth of bibliographic material on the Crusades, including sources and secondary ...
An 1840 edition of The Historie of the Holy Warre, by Thomas Fuller, that includes a complete chronology of the Crusades through 1299. [16] The History of the Crusades, a translation of Histoire des Croisades by Joseph François Michaud (translated by William Robson), Covering the period 300–1095, the Crusades from 1096–1270, attempted ...