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The Ages of Three Children puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Census-Taker Problem [1]) is a logical puzzle in number theory which on first inspection seems to have insufficient information to solve. However, with closer examination and persistence by the solver, the question reveals its hidden mathematical clues, especially when the solver ...
The cosmic age problem was a historical ... Hubble's sample comprised ... This model received some popularity in the 1980s and offers an explicit solution for ...
Cosmic age problem (1920s–1990s): The estimated age of the universe was around 3 to 8 billion years younger than estimates of the ages of the oldest stars in the Milky Way. Better estimates for the distances to the stars, and the recognition of the accelerating expansion of the universe, reconciled the age estimates. [citation needed]
Because Bernard (who knows the bus number) cannot determine Cheryl's age despite having been told this sum, it must be a sum that is not unique among the possible solutions. On examining all the possible ages, it turns out there are two pairs of sets of possible ages that produce the same sum as each other: 9, 4, 4 and 8, 6, 3, which sum to 17 ...
The findings showed that at age 4, children would choose the photograph that best reflected with their own view. [3] At age 6, an awareness of perspective different from their own could be seen. Then, by ages 7–8, children can clearly acknowledge more than one point of view and consistently select the correct photograph.
The problem is a paradox of the veridical type, because the solution is so counterintuitive it can seem absurd but is nevertheless demonstrably true. The Monty Hall problem is mathematically related closely to the earlier three prisoners problem and to the much older Bertrand's box paradox.
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This variation of the birthday problem is interesting because there is not a unique solution for the total number of people m + n. For example, the usual 50% probability value is realized for both a 32-member group of 16 men and 16 women and a 49-member group of 43 women and 6 men.