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  2. Standard streams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams

    Standard input is a stream from which a program reads its input data. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream input. For example, the dir and ls programs (which display file names contained in a directory) may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream ...

  3. Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    ^b gets(x) and fgets(x, length, stdin) read unformatted text from stdin. Use of gets is not recommended. ^c puts(x) and fputs(x, stdout) write unformatted text to stdout. ^d fputs(x, stderr) writes unformatted text to stderr ^e INPUT_UNIT, OUTPUT_UNIT, ERROR_UNIT are defined in the ISO_FORTRAN_ENV module. [15]

  4. Time formatting and storage bugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_formatting_and...

    The last modification date stamp (and with DELWATCH 2.0+ also the file deletion date stamp, and since DOS 7.0+ optionally also the last access date stamp and creation date stamp), are stored in the directory entry with the year represented as an unsigned seven bit number (0–127), relative to 1980, and thereby unable to indicate any dates in ...

  5. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    In Python, everything is an object, even classes. Classes, as objects, have a class, which is known as their metaclass. Python also supports multiple inheritance and mixins. The language supports extensive introspection of types and classes. Types can be read and compared—types are instances of type. The attributes of an object can be ...

  6. End-of-file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-file

    It allows programs to use the same code to read input from both a terminal and a text file. In the ANSI X3.27-1969 magnetic tape standard, the end of file was indicated by a tape mark , which consisted of a gap of approximately 3.5 inches of tape followed by a single byte containing the character 0x13 (hex) for nine-track tapes and 017 (octal ...

  7. Exception handling syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_handling_syntax

    C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.

  8. Leap year problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year_problem

    The leap year problem (also known as the leap year bug or the leap day bug) is a problem for both digital (computer-related) and non-digital documentation and data storage situations which results from errors in the calculation of which years are leap years, or from manipulating dates without regard to the difference between leap years and common years.

  9. Bytecode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecode

    Bytecode (also called portable code or p-code) is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.Unlike human-readable [1] source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of ...