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A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. [3] ... In children, additional causes include measles, ...
Left-sided tension pneumothorax. Note the area without lung markings which is air in the pleural space. Also note the tracheal and mediastinal shift from the patient's left to right. Causes include any obstruction of blood flow to and from the heart. There are multiple, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax.
The Berlin definition included ALI as a mild form of ARDS. [53] However, the criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS in the Berlin definition excludes many children, and a new definition for children was termed pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS); this is known as the PALICC definition (2015). [54] [55]
Pneumopericardium is a medical condition where air enters the pericardial cavity.This condition has been recognized in preterm neonates, in which it is associated with severe lung pathology, after vigorous resuscitation, or in the presence of assisted ventilation. [2]
Image shows early occurrence of tracheal deviation. Tracheal deviation is a clinical sign that results from unequal intrathoracic pressure within the chest cavity.It is most commonly associated with traumatic pneumothorax, but can be caused by a number of both acute and chronic health issues, such as pneumonectomy, atelectasis, pleural effusion, fibrothorax (pleural fibrosis), or some cancers ...
Pneumocephalus is the presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity.It is usually associated with disruption of the skull: after head and facial trauma, tumors of the skull base, after neurosurgery or otorhinolaryngology, and rarely, spontaneously.
Their walls are thin, being less than 1 mm thick. If they rupture, they allow air to escape into pleural space, resulting in a spontaneous pneumothorax and possibly a collapsed lung. [1] [2] Blebs can grow larger or join together to create a larger cyst, or bulla. There are usually no symptoms unless a pneumothorax occurs or the bulla grows ...
The first pneumothorax, or lung collapse, precedes the diagnosis of LAM in 82% of patients. [7] [8] The consensus clinical definition of LAM includes multiple symptoms: [citation needed] Fatigue; Cough; Coughing up blood (rarely massive) Chest pain; Chylous complications arising from lymphatic obstruction, including Chylothorax; Chylous ascites ...