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The Cold War led to some less-than-desired psychological effects. The United States and Russia and, to a greater extent, the world, lived in fear of impending nuclear doom. The psyche of US citizens during the Cold War was unstable due to the overwhelming sense of fear, powerlessness, and uncertainty about the future. [ 5 ]
Soviet Policy in West Africa (1970). Matusevich, Maxim. "Revisiting the Soviet Moment in Sub-Saharan Africa" History Compass. (2009) 7#5 pp 1259–1268. Mazov, Sergey. A Distant Front in the Cold War: The USSR in West Africa and the Congo, 1956–1964 (2010). Meredith, Martin. The Fate of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence (2006).
The review underscored Telepneva's examination of the role of individuals, including the "Cominternians" and the "War Generation," in shaping Soviet-African relations. [9] Matt Mulhern highlighted the book's focus on the pivotal role of Soviet bureaucrats known as "mezhdunarodniki" in implementing Soviet policy towards Africa during the Cold War.
The speech, written by journalist Herbert Bayard Swope, [4] proclaimed, "we are today in the midst of a cold war." [5] Newspaper columnist Walter Lippmann gave the term wide currency with his book The Cold War. When asked in 1947 about the source of the term, Lippmann traced it to a French term from the 1930s, la guerre froide. [6] [B]
Scramble for Africa: Africa in the years 1880 and 1913, just before the First World War. The Scramble for Africa between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves.
The Congo Crisis in 1960 drew Cold War battle lines in Africa, as the Democratic Republic of the Congo became a Soviet ally, causing concern in the West. [3] However, by the early 1960s, the Cold War reached its most dangerous point with the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, as the world stood on the brink of nuclear war.
South Africa will take over from Brazil, which is using its presidency to push for greater representation of developing nations on the global stage. South Africa is the only African nation in the G20.
The military challenge in Africa is huge in the post-Cold War era. It is a continent covering some 22% of the world's land area, has an estimated population of some 800 million, is governed by 53 different states, and is made up of hundreds of different ethnicities and languages.