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  2. Income elasticity of demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_elasticity_of_demand

    A positive income elasticity of demand is associated with normal goods; an increase in income will lead to a rise in quantity demanded. If income elasticity of demand of a commodity is less than 1, it is a necessity good. If the elasticity of demand is greater than 1, it is a luxury good or a superior good.

  3. Indirect utility function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_utility_function

    A consumer's indirect utility (,) can be computed from their utility function (), defined over vectors of quantities of consumable goods, by first computing the most preferred affordable bundle, represented by the vector (,) by solving the utility maximization problem, and second, computing the utility ((,)) the consumer derives from that ...

  4. Slutsky equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slutsky_equation

    where ε p is the (uncompensated) price elasticity, ε p h is the compensated price elasticity, ε w,i the income elasticity of good i, and b j the budget share of good j. Overall, the Slutsky equation states that the total change in demand consists of an income effect and a substitution effect, and both effects must collectively equal the ...

  5. Atkinson index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson_index

    The Atkinson index is defined as: (, …,) = {(=) / (=) / = (,...,) = +where is individual income (i = 1, 2, ..., N) and is the mean income.. In other words, the Atkinson index is the complement to 1 of the ratio of the Hölder generalized mean of exponent 1−ε to the arithmetic mean of the incomes (where as usual the generalized mean of exponent 0 is interpreted as the geometric mean).

  6. Midpoint method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_method

    The midpoint method computes + so that the red chord is approximately parallel to the tangent line at the midpoint (the green line). In numerical analysis , a branch of applied mathematics , the midpoint method is a one-step method for numerically solving the differential equation ,

  7. Arc elasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_elasticity

    The y arc elasticity of x is defined as: , = % % where the percentage change in going from point 1 to point 2 is usually calculated relative to the midpoint: % = (+) /; % = (+) /. The use of the midpoint arc elasticity formula (with the midpoint used for the base of the change, rather than the initial point (x 1, y 1) which is used in almost all other contexts for calculating percentages) was ...

  8. Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_methods_for...

    The step size is =. The same illustration for = The midpoint method converges faster than the Euler method, as .. Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs).

  9. Engel's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel's_law

    Engel's law states that an increase in the income of a family decreases the proportion of the income which is spent on food, even though the total amount of food expenditure is increasing. In other words, the income elasticity of demand of food is between 0 and 1. For instance, a family with a $5000 monthly income is spending $2000 on food ...