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PT-DLBCL is by far the most common form of testicular cancer in men >60 years of age. [2] It usually develops in this age group (median age ~65 years old, range 10–96 years) and presents as a painless testicular mass or swelling in one testis or, in ~6% of cases, both testes: [1] PT-DLBCL is the most common testicular cancer to present with disease in both testicles. [8]
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. [5] Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. [2] Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. [4] Globally testicular cancer affected about 686,000 people in 2015. [6]
The World Health Organization classification of testicular tumours [4] subdivides ITGCN into (1) a more common, unspecified type (ITGCNU), and (2) other specific subtypes. The most common specific subtypes are intratubular embryonal carcinoma and intratubular seminoma .
Relative incidences of testicular tumors, showing seminoma at bottom left. [2] A seminoma is a germ cell tumor of the testicle or, more rarely, the mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations. It is a malignant neoplasm and is one of the most treatable and curable cancers, with a survival rate above 95% if discovered in early stages. [3]
ICD-O Peak Age (yr) Benign or malignant Histology Tumor marker Germinoma (including dysgerminoma and seminoma) 40–50 Malignant Sheets of uniform polygonal cells with cleared cytoplasm; lymphocytes in the stroma About 10% have elevated hCG: Dysgerminoma: M9060/3: Seminoma: M9061/3: Placental alkaline phosphate (PLAP) [8]
Spermatocytic tumor is a rare tumour, making up only one to two percent of all testicular germ cell tumours. Men presenting with this tumour are generally 50 to 60 years old, and its occurrence is rare in men under 30 years old. Most present with slow, painless testicular enlargement, which may involve both testes. [1]
Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour is a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor and is a member of the sex cord-stromal tumour group [2] of ovarian and testicular cancers. The tumour occurs in early adulthood (not seen in newborn), is rare, comprising less than 1% of testicular tumours. [ 1 ]