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The dipole antenna of a radar altimeter of 1947. A radar altimeter (RA), also called a radio altimeter (RALT), electronic altimeter, reflection altimeter, or low-range radio altimeter (LRRA), measures altitude above the terrain presently beneath an aircraft or spacecraft by timing how long it takes a beam of radio waves to travel to ground, reflect, and return to the craft.
The system monitors an aircraft's height above ground as determined by a radar altimeter. A computer then keeps track of these readings, calculates trends, and will warn the flight crew with visual and audio messages if the aircraft is in certain defined flying configurations ("modes"). The modes are:
The APG-71 was a 1980s upgrade of the AWG-9 for use on the F-14D Tomcat.It incorporates technology and common modules developed for the APG-70 radar used in the F-15E Strike Eagle, providing significant improvements in (digital) processing speed, mode flexibility, clutter rejection, and detection range.
Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method [1] used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, map weather formations, and terrain.
Radar altimeter technology is also used in terrain-following radar allowing combat aircraft to fly at very low height above the terrain. After extensive research and experimentation, it has been shown that "phase radio-altimeters" are most suitable for ground effect vehicles, as compared to laser, isotropic or ultrasonic altimeters. [3]
To help avoid controlled flight into terrain , aircraft use systems such as ground-proximity warning systems (GPWS), which use radar altimeters as a key element. One of the major weaknesses of GPWS is the lack of "look-ahead" information, because it only provides altitude above terrain "look-down".
Radio altimeter indicator RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring: Or: remote autonomous integrity monitoring RALT Radar or radio altimeter: RAREPS Weather Radar Reports [6] Provided by Air Traffic Controllers RAS rectified air speed RA(T) restricted area (temporary) RAT ram air turbine: RCO remote communications outlet RCR Reverse ...
A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...