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A dog with rotten teeth showing plaque and tartar (Image credit: Getty Images). Missing teeth In advanced stages, tooth decay can cause teeth to loosen and fall out. Difficulty eating
Oral disease is one of the most common diseases found in dogs. [1] [2] It is caused by the buildup of various anaerobic bacteria in the mouth which forms plaque, eventually hardening into tartar on the teeth along the gum line, and is related to the development of gingivitis. [3]
Dental caries in dogs are often recognized very late but there are some symptoms that could indicate tooth decay. [7] Red, swollen, or receding gums and bloody saliva could be symptoms of dental caries. Other signs of decay are similar to humans. This includes a discolouration of teeth, an accumulation of calculus and halitosis.
Non-plaque-induced gingival disease is an inflammation of the gingiva that does not result from dental plaque, but from other gingival diseases caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or genetic sources. Although this gingival disease is less common than those which are plaque-induced, it can have a serious impact on the patient's overall health.
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When the gingiva become so irritated that there is a loss of the connective tissue fibers that attach the gums to the teeth and bone that surrounds the tooth, this is known as periodontitis. Dental plaque is not the sole cause of periodontitis; however it is many times referred to as a primary aetiology.