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  2. Ending inventory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ending_inventory

    Ending inventory is the amount of inventory a company has in stock at the end of its fiscal year. It is closely related with ending inventory cost, which is the amount of money spent to get these goods in stock. It should be calculated at the lower of cost or market.

  3. Lower of cost or market - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_of_Cost_or_Market

    If the inventory has decreased in value below historical cost, then its carrying value is reduced and reported on the balance sheet. The criterion for reporting this is the current market value . Any loss resulting from the decline in the value of inventory is charged to " cost of goods sold " (COGS) if non-material, or "loss on the reduction ...

  4. Inventory valuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_valuation

    Two very popular methods are 1)- retail inventory method, and 2)- gross profit (or gross margin) method. The retail inventory method uses a cost to retail price ratio. The physical inventory is valued at retail, and it is multiplied by the cost ratio (or percentage) to determine the estimated cost of the ending inventory.

  5. Inventory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory

    Inventory management also involves risk which varies depending upon a firm's position in the distribution channel. Some typical measures of inventory exposure [definition needed] are width of commitment [definition needed], time of duration [definition needed] and depth [definition needed]. [20]

  6. Inventory investment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_investment

    A positive flow of intended inventory investment occurs when a firm expects that sales will be high enough that the current level of inventories on hand may be insufficient—perhaps because in the presence of very short-term fluctuations in the timing of customer purchases, there is a risk of temporarily being unable to supply the product when a customer demands it.

  7. Value chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_chain

    A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer.The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.

  8. Overstock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overstock

    When referring to overstock merchandise in the form of consumer goods in a retail operation, the term refers to goods that have never been purchased by a customer but that are considered excessive stock from shelves and/or warehouses. Excessive stock is typically discarded of in the following ways: returned to the manufacturer or original ...

  9. Stock clearance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_clearance

    Most companies from time to time end up with surplus goods, liquidated goods and bankrupt stock. This can be a costly problem. When customers are told that the reason for a price reduction is a stock clearance, they find this less attractive than other explanations such as a volume discount. [ 1 ]