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Ceramic grenades that were filled with Greek fire, surrounded by caltrops, 10th–12th century, National Historical Museum, Athens, Greece. In its earliest form, Greek fire was hurled onto enemy forces by firing a burning cloth-wrapped ball, perhaps containing a flask, using a form of light catapult, most probably a seaborne variant of the ...
Two-thirds of Constantinople (now Istanbul) were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1660. The chronicler Abdi Paşa estimated that the fire destroyed 280,000 houses and burned for approximately forty-nine hours. During the reconstruction of the city, the Ottomans enacted unprecedented policies concerning Christian and Jewish houses of worship.
474 AD: Great Fire of Constantinople [1] 532 AD: Nika Riots and Fire of Constantinople; 537 AD: Completion of the Hagia Sophia by Justinian I [2] [3] [4] 626 AD: First siege of Constantinople; 674–678 AD: First Arab siege of Constantinople; 717–718 AD: Second Arab siege of Constantinople; 1204 AD: Sack of Constantinople; 1261 AD: Reconquest ...
Through the use of the newly invented "Greek fire", the Byzantine navy's best-known and feared secret weapon, Constantinople was saved from several sieges and numerous naval engagements resulted in Byzantine victories. Initially, the defence of the Byzantine coasts and the approaches to Constantinople was borne by the great fleet of the ...
Greek fire: The invention and military employment of Greek fire played a crucial role in the defense of the empire against the early onslaught of the Muslim Arabs. Brought to Constantinople by a refugee from Syria by the name of Kallinikos, [ 15 ] the incendiary weapon came just in time to save the capital from the Muslim sieges of 674–678 ...
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 55-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
The Massacre of the Latins (Italian: Massacro dei Latini; Greek: Σφαγὴ τῶν Λατίνων) was a large-scale massacre of the Roman Catholic (called "Latin") inhabitants of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, by the Eastern Orthodox population of the city in April 1182.
The sack of Constantinople occurred in April 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. Crusaders sacked and destroyed most of Constantinople , the capital of the Byzantine Empire . After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire (known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia , or the Latin occupation [ 4 ] ) was established and ...