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It is an empirical formula that works well in describing dispersion. ... For a solution of sugar, the refractive index can be used to determine the sugar content ...
Refraction at interface. Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indices often depend strongly upon the frequency of light, causing optical dispersion. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet" sodium D line, with a wavelength (λ) of 589 nanometers.
The International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) is an international standards body, founded in 1897, [1] [2] that publishes detailed laboratory procedures for the analysis of sugar. The ICUMSA Methods Book [3] contains detailed instructions for analyzing raw, cane, white, beet, molasses, plantation white and ...
Alcohol has a higher refractive index (1.361) than water (1.333). As a consequence, a refractometer measurement made on a sugar solution once fermentation has begun results in a reading substantially higher than the actual solids content. Thus, an operator must be certain that the sample they are testing has not begun to ferment.
In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and reflection of light". [1]
A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from the observed refraction angle using Snell's law. For mixtures, the index of refraction then allows the concentration to be determined using mixing rules such as the Gladstone–Dale relation ...
The Brix degrees are measured using an infrared sensor. This measurement does not equate to Brix degrees from a density or refractive index measurement, because it will specifically measure dissolved sugar concentration instead of all dissolved solids. When using a refractometer, one should report the result as "refractometric dried substance ...
The plot of volume or density versus molecular fraction of ethanol in water is a quadratic curve. However, the plot of index of refraction versus molecular fraction of ethanol in water is linear, and the weight fraction equals the fractional density [4] In the 1900s, the Gladstone–Dale relation was applied to glass, synthetic crystals and ...