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Unix (/ ˈ j uː n ɪ k s / ⓘ, YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 [1] at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. [4]
Many computer systems measure time and date using Unix time, an international standard for digital timekeeping.Unix time is defined as the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970 (an arbitrarily chosen time based on the creation of the first Unix system), which has been dubbed the Unix epoch.
Unix workstations of the 1990s, including those made by DEC, HP, SGI, and Sun The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) was widely used on Unix workstations. The Unix wars continued into the 1990s, but turned out to be less of a threat than originally thought: AT&T and Sun went their own ways after System V.4, while OSF/1's schedule slipped behind. [46]
The Berkeley Software Distribution [a] (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix or BSD Unix, is a discontinued Unix operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley, beginning in 1978.
In June, AT&T sold its Unix assets to Novell, and in October Novell transferred the Unix brand to X/Open. In 1996, X/Open and the new OSF merged to form the Open Group. COSE work such as the Single UNIX Specification, the current standard for branded Unix, is now the responsibility of the Open Group, which also controls the current POSIX standards.
After the release of Version 10, the Unix research team at Bell Labs turned its focus to Plan 9 from Bell Labs, a distinct operating system that was first released to the public in 1993. All versions of BSD from its inception up to 4.3BSD-Reno are based on Research Unix, with versions starting with 4.4 BSD and Net/2 instead
The Unix philosophy, originated by Ken Thompson, is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to minimalist, modular software development.
Plan 9 replaced Unix as Bell Labs's primary platform for operating systems research. [22] It explored several changes to the original Unix model that facilitate the use and programming of the system, notably in distributed multi-user environments. After several years of development and internal use, Bell Labs shipped the operating system to ...