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At that point in the reaction, which is defined as gel point, the system loses fluidity and viscosity becomes very large. The onset of gelation, or gel point, is accompanied by a sudden increase in viscosity. [3] This "infinite" sized polymer is called the gel or network, which does not dissolve in the solvent, but can swell in it. [4]
As a result of these assumptions, a conversion slightly higher than that predicted by the Flory–Stockmayer Theory is commonly needed to actually create a polymer gel. Since steric hindrance effects prevent each functional group from being equally reactive and intramolecular reactions do occur, the gel forms at slightly higher conversion.
The term gel permeation chromatography can be traced back to J.C. Moore of the Dow Chemical Company who investigated the technique in 1964. [3] The proprietary column technology was licensed to Waters Corporation, who subsequently commercialized this technology in 1964. [4]
Schematic representation of the different stages and routes of the sol–gel technology. In this chemical procedure, a "sol" (a colloidal solution) is formed that then gradually evolves towards the formation of a gel-like diphasic system containing both a liquid phase and solid phase whose morphologies range from discrete particles to continuous polymer networks.
The polymerization reaction creates a gel because of the added bisacrylamide, which can form cross-links between two acrylamide molecules. The ratio of bisacrylamide to acrylamide can be varied for special purposes, but is generally about 1 part in 35. The acrylamide concentration of the gel can also be varied, generally in the range from 5% to ...
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DNA gel electrophoresis is usually performed for analytical purposes, often after amplification of DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but may be used as a preparative technique prior to use of other methods such as mass spectrometry, RFLP, PCR, cloning, DNA sequencing, or southern blotting for further characterization.
The three samples are mixed and loaded onto IEF (isoelectric focusing chromatography) for first dimension and the strip is transferred to a SDS PAGE.After the gel electrophoresis, the gel is scanned with the excitation wavelength of each dye one after the other, so each sample can be seen separately (if we scan the gel at the excitation wavelength of the Cy3 dye, we will see in the gel only ...