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  2. Human genetic resistance to malaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_resistance...

    Sickle-cell disease was the genetic disorder to be linked to a mutation of a specific protein. Pauling introduced his fundamentally important concept of sickle cell anemia as a genetically transmitted molecular disease. [20] This vein (4) shows the interaction between the malaria sporozoites (6) with sickle cells (3) and regular cells (1).

  3. Sickle cell trait - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_trait

    The sickle cell trait provides a survival advantage against malaria fatality over people with normal hemoglobin in regions where malaria is endemic. The trait is known to cause significantly fewer deaths due to malaria, especially when Plasmodium falciparum is the causative organism.

  4. Sickle cell disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_disease

    Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders that are typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] Sickle cell anemia results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2]

  5. Anthony Clifford Allison - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Clifford_Allison

    In 1954 he discovered, confirming his preconception, that people with sickle-cell trait are resistant to the deadly falciparum malaria. In the 1970s, Allison had worked out the enzyme, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase , as a key molecule of the immune response in autoimmune diseases and in organ transplantation .

  6. Heterozygote advantage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterozygote_advantage

    Sickle-cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of two incompletely recessive alleles. When a sufferer's red blood cells are exposed to low-oxygen conditions, the cells lose their healthy round shape and become sickle-shaped. This deformation of the cells can cause them to become lodged in capillaries, depriving other ...

  7. Malaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria

    This reduces the frequency with which malaria parasites complete their life cycle in the cell. Individuals who are homozygous (with two copies of the abnormal haemoglobin beta allele) have sickle-cell anaemia, while those who are heterozygous (with one abnormal allele and one normal allele) experience resistance to malaria without severe anaemia.

  8. Disease resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_resistance

    Sickle Cell genetic resistance to Malaria [1] Disease resistance is the ability to prevent or reduce the presence of diseases in otherwise susceptible hosts. It can arise from genetic or environmental factors, such as incomplete penetrance. [2] Disease tolerance is different as it is the ability of a host to limit the impact of disease on host ...

  9. Pleiotropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy

    Sickle cell anemia is a classic example of the mixed benefit given by the staying power of pleiotropic genes, as the mutation to Hb-S provides the fitness benefit of malaria resistance to heterozygotes as sickle cell trait, while homozygotes have significantly lowered life expectancy—what is known as "heterozygote advantage". Since both of ...