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Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
The chemical structure of the para-phenylene group.. In organic chemistry, the phenylene group (−C 6 H 4 −) is based on a di-substituted benzene ring ().For example, poly(p-phenylene) is a polymer built up from para-phenylene repeating units. [1]
[13] [2] Phenylephrine has replaced pseudoephedrine in many over-the-counter oral decongestant products. [2] However, oral phenylephrine appears to be ineffective as a decongestant. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In 2022, the combination with brompheniramine and dextromethorphan was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more ...
The dextrorotatory d-isomer corresponds to the -configuration, and the levorotatory l-isomer to the -configuration. [55] Racemic synephrine has been resolved using ammonium 3-bromo-camphor-8-sulfonate. [11] [55] The enantiomers were not characterized as their free bases, but converted to the hydrochloride salts, with the following properties: [55]
L-Norpseudoephedrine, or (−)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychostimulant drug of the amphetamine family. It is one of the four optical isomers of phenylpropanolamine, the other three being cathine ((+)-norpseudoephedrine), (−)-norephedrine, and (+)-norephedrine; as well as one of the two enantiomers of norpseudoephedrine (the other being cathine). [1]
In the 1920s, both methamphetamine and the dextrorotatory optical isomer of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, were synthesized. This synthesis was a by-product of a search for ephedrine, a bronchodilator used to treat asthma extracted exclusively from natural sources.
The L-isomer is used to biochemically form proteins coded for by DNA. Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC.
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; [note 1] the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents.