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Cyprus was part of the British Empire under military occupation from 1914 to 1925 and a Crown colony from 1925 to 1960. Cyprus's status as a protectorate of the British Empire ended in 1914 when the Ottoman Empire declared war against the Triple Entente powers, which included Great Britain.
The earliest site of putative human activity on Cyprus is Aetokremnos, situated on the south coast. Fossilised animal remains and lithic tools indicate that seasonal hunter-gatherers were active on the island from around 12,000 BC. [1] [2] Extinction of the endemic to Cyprus pigmy hippos and pigmy elephants, likely due to human presence. [3] [4]
Soon after that, the French army under the House of Lusignan occupied the island, establishing the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1192. [21] They declared Latin as the official language, later replacing it with French; much later, Greek was recognized as a second official language.
However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts: the area under the effective control of the Republic, in the south and west and comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, [119] administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, covering about 36% of the island's area.
King Paul of Greece declared that Cyprus desired union with Greece in 1948. A referendum was presented by the Orthodox Church of Cyprus in 1950, according to which around 97% of the Greek Cypriot population wanted the union. The Greek petition and enosis became an international issue when it was accepted by the United Nations
The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire which granted ... declared, "We have no right, except ...
[t] Cyprus included one self-declared state which, although it did not claim independence, was de facto self-governing: Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (to 15 November 1983) After 15 November 1983, The northeastern part of the island was the de facto independent state of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey.
This article lists the colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus. Hitherto Ottoman Cyprus, a territory of the Ottoman Empire, a British protectorate under Ottoman suzerainty was established over Cyprus by the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878. The United Kingdom declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914 and annexed Cyprus.