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TiCl 3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride.Older reduction methods used hydrogen: [4]. 2 TiCl 4 + H 2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl 3. It can also be produced by the reaction of titanium metal and hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid; the reaction does not proceed at room temperature, as titanium is passivated against most mineral acids by a thin surface layer of titanium dioxide.
The McMurry reaction of benzophenone. The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry.
The Reformatsky reaction (sometimes transliterated as Reformatskii reaction) is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes or ketones with α-halo esters using metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters: [1] [2] The Reformatsky reaction. The organozinc reagent, also called a 'Reformatsky enolate', is prepared by treating an alpha-halo ester ...
Under steady state conditions the chloride process is a continuous cycle in which chlorine changes from the oxidized state to the reduced state and reverse. The oxidized form of the chlorine is molecular chlorine Cl 2, the reduced form is titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4). The oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O 2), the reducing agent is coke ...
Titanium tetrachloride has been used to create naval smokescreens, as the hydrochloric acid aerosol and titanium dioxide that is formed scatter light very efficiently. This smoke is corrosive, however. [10] Alcohols react with TiCl 4 to give alkoxides with the formula [Ti(OR) 4] n (R = alkyl, n = 1, 2, 4).
The dimeric titanium(III) complex reversibly dissociates to the monomer Cp 2 TiCl. This 15 electron species is Lewis acidic and thus binds epoxides and carbonyl compounds. [33] The complex transfers a single electron to the coordinated substrate generating an alkyl centered radical and an oxygen bound titanium(IV) species. This process is ...
Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula TiCl 2. The black solid has been studied only moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. [ 2 ] Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water to produce H 2 .
Titanium(III) compounds are characteristically violet, illustrated by this aqueous solution of titanium trichloride. Titanium tetrachloride (titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4 [ 18 ] ) is a colorless volatile liquid (commercial samples are yellowish) that, in air, hydrolyzes with spectacular emission of white clouds.