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A graph class is called hereditary if it is closed under induced subgraphs. Examples of hereditary graph classes are independent graphs (graphs with no edges), which is a special case (with c = 1) of being c -colorable for some number c , being forests , planar , complete , complete multipartite etc.
In mathematical genetics, a genetic algebra is a (possibly non-associative) algebra used to model inheritance in genetics.Some variations of these algebras are called train algebras, special train algebras, gametic algebras, Bernstein algebras, copular algebras, zygotic algebras, and baric algebras (also called weighted algebra).
Another important branch of population genetics that led to the extensive development of coalescent theory is phylogenetics. Phylogenetics is an area that deals with the reconstruction and analysis of phylogenetic (evolutionary) trees and networks based on inherited characteristics [ 45 ] Traditional population genetic models deal with alleles ...
The chromosome theory of inheritance is credited to papers by Walter Sutton in 1902 [5] and 1903, [6] as well as to independent work by Theodor Boveri during roughly the same period. [7] Boveri was studying sea urchins , in which he found that all the chromosomes had to be present for proper embryonic development to take place. [ 8 ]
Heritability is estimated by comparing individual phenotypic variation among related individuals in a population, by examining the association between individual phenotype and genotype data, [3] [4] or even by modeling summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). [5] Heritability is an important concept in quantitative ...
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Genetics is the study of genes and tries to explain what they are and how they work. Genes are how living organisms inherit features or traits from their ancestors; for example, children usually look like their parents because they have inherited their parents' genes.
The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a double-helix run in opposite directions. Nucleic acid synthesis, including DNA replication and transcription occurs in the 5'→3' direction, because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile.