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Calcium deposits, primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), react with weak acids to form calcium salts that are soluble in water. The general reaction can be represented as follows: CaCO 3 + 2H + → Ca 2+ + CO 2 + H 2 O. Here, H + represents the hydrogen ions provided by the acid
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
Limescale build-up inside a pipe reduces both liquid flow and thermal conduction from the pipe, so will reduce thermal efficiency when used as a heat exchanger.. A descaling agent or chemical descaler is a liquid chemical substance used to remove limescale from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, water heaters, and kettles.
Calcium and magnesium are the main culprits when it comes to creating hard water. And in the U.S., it's almost impossible to avoid it, as hard water is present across 85 percent of the country ...
Calcium, magnesium, and carbonate ions dissolve from rocks through which rainwater percolates before collection. Calcium salts, such as calcium carbonate [ citation needed ] and calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 ), are more soluble in hot water than cold water; thus, heating water alone does not cause calcium carbonate to precipitate.
Lime softening produces large volumes of a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in a very finely divided white precipitate which may also contain some organic matter flocculated out of the raw water. Processing or disposal of this sludge material may be an additional cost to the process. Drying and re-calcining the waste allows ...
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