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The general structure of the B cell receptor includes a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction region. Disulfide bridges connect the immunoglobulin isotype and the signal transduction region. The B-cell receptor is composed of two parts: A membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule of one isotype (IgD, IgM, IgA, IgG, or IgE).
B cells, unlike the other two classes of lymphocytes, T cells and natural killer cells, express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane. [1] BCRs allow the B cell to bind to a foreign antigen, against which it will initiate an antibody response. [1] B cell receptors are extremely specific, with all BCRs on a B cell recognizing the same ...
Involvement of BTK in B cell receptor signaling. BTK plays a crucial role in B cell development as it is required for transmitting signals from the pre-B cell receptor that forms after successful immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement. [6] It also has a role in mast cell activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor. [7]
CD32B is an inhibitory surface receptor that is part of a large population of B cell co-receptors, which act to modulate signaling. [3] Activated CD32B has the ability to cross-link with B cell receptors (BCRs), which increases the threshold for B cell activation and downregulates antibody production in the presence of IgG. [5]
The CD79a protein together with the related CD79b protein, forms a dimer associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulin in B-cells, thus forming the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). This occurs in a similar manner to the association of CD3 with the T-cell receptor, and enables the cell to respond to the presence of antigens on its surface. [6]
ITAMs are important for signal transduction, mainly in immune cells. They are found in the cytoplasmic tails of non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors [7] such as the CD3 and ζ-chains of the T cell receptor complex, the CD79-alpha and -beta chains of the B cell receptor complex, and certain Fc receptors.
Complement receptor 2 interacts with CD19, [7] [8] and, on mature B cells, forms a complex with CD81 (TAPA-1). The CR2-CD19-CD81 complex is often called the B cell co-receptor complex, [9] because CR2 binds to opsonized antigens through attached C3d (or iC3b or C3dg) when the B-cell receptor binds antigen. This results in the B cell having ...
The seven-transmembrane α-helix structure of a G-protein-coupled receptor. Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. [1] They act in cell signaling by receiving (binding to) extracellular molecules.