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Although Ireland's routing key areas take a similar format to postcode areas in the United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), they are not intended as a mnemonic for a county or city name, except for those used in the historic Dublin postal districts. Several towns and townlands can share the same routing key. [3]
Water resources are abundant in Ireland, with 82% of drinking water supplies in Ireland sourced from surface water (i.e. rivers and lakes) and 18% coming from groundwater – 10.5% from groundwater and 7.6% from springs. This high dependence on surface water is above the EU average. [17]
Canadian drinking water supplies in cities are generally of excellent quality and supply is continuous. [4] On occasion, however, despite the best efforts of water suppliers and in some cases for reasons beyond their control, municipal water supplies can become contaminated either chemically or biologically.
Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains , manholes , pumping stations , storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer .
By 1944, there were over 1,000 water suppliers in England and Wales, though 26 supplied half of the total volume, and 97 supplied an additional further quarter of total volume. [5] The Water Act 1945 (8 & 9 Geo. 6. c.
Whilst water and sewer companies were privatised in England and Wales in 1989, these services remained public in Northern Ireland. In 1996, the Water Executive became an executive agency and was rebranded as the Northern Ireland Water Service and, in 1999, responsibility for water transferred to the Department for Regional Development.
Toronto Water is the municipal division of the City of Toronto under Infrastructure and Development Services responsible for the water supply network, and stormwater and wastewater management in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as well as parts of Peel and York Regions.
Water demand exceeds supply, and household and industrial water supplies are prioritised over other uses, which leads to water stress. [8] Potable water has a price in the market; water often becomes a business for private companies, which earn a profit by putting a higher price on water, which imposes a barrier for lower-income people.