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Rabbi Ishmael said: 'The Jews – may I be like an expiatory sacrifice for them [an expression of love] – are like the boxwood tree [eshkeroae], neither black nor white, but in between.'"2 This statement records a second-century (R. Ishmael) perception that the skin color of Jews is midway between black and white.3 More precisely it is light ...
Ibn Khaldun (/ ˈ ɪ b ən h æ l ˈ d uː n / IH-bun hal-DOON; Arabic: أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī, Arabic: [ibn xalduːn]; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab [11] [12] sociologist, philosopher, and historian [13] [14] widely acknowledged to be ...
According to Joseph Chetrit, recent research has shown weaknesses in the evidence supporting Ibn Khaldun's statement, and "seems to support scholars' hypothesis that Jews came to North Africa from ancient Israel after a stay in Egypt and scattered progressively from East to West, from the Middle East to the Atlantic in the Hellenic-Roman Empire".
While most anti-Jewish polemicists saw those qualities as inherently Jewish, Ibn Khaldun attributed them to the mistreatment of Jews at the hands of the dominant nations. For that reason, says ibn Khaldun, Jews "are renowned, in every age and climate, for their wickedness and their slyness". [68]
Fanatically devoted to religion, he began a persecution of the Jews, [25] and is said to have killed 6000 of their men while confiscating their wealth and women, but Ibn Khaldun says only persecution without killing. [26] It was described to have been a bloodbath and the women were reduced to slavery while the men were massacred.
The Fatimid court occasionally appointed Jews to high-ranking positions. Yaqub ibn Killis, a Jewish convert to Islam, became vizier under Caliph al-Aziz Billah (r. 975–996) and played a crucial role in state administration. [51] Despite these opportunities, Jews, like other dhimmis, faced occasional persecution. Under Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr ...
A late source from the 10th century, Josippon, states that Titus had settled some 50,000 Jews in North Africa, and ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), who himself came from Tunisia stated that several Berber tribes he had encountered had converted to Judaism. [1]
Ibn Khaldun, a Muslim historian wrote: "Similar to an army of locusts, they destroy everything in their path." [112] As Arab nomads spread, the territories of the local Berber tribes were moved and shrank. The Zenata were pushed to the west and the Kabyles were pushed to the north.